# Performance Art
[Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Performance_art)
(Late 1950s–present)
## Description
Performance art, body art, and digital/technological performance practice — live, time-based work using the artist's own body and presence as primary medium, from Happenings and Viennese Actionism through contemporary cyborg, telematic, and networked performance such as [[Laurie Anderson]]'s multimedia work merging voice, technology, and body.
## Key Tags
#performance-art #body-art
## Essential Works
- Foster, Hal, Rosalind Krauss, Yve-Alain Bois, and Benjamin H. D. Buchloh. "1962b: Viennese Actionism." In *Art Since 1900: Modernism, Antimodernism, Postmodernism*. Thames & Hudson, 2004. - Survey-text chapter situating Viennese Actionism (Nitsch, Muehl, Brus, Export) within the history of body art
- Dixon, Steve. *Digital Performance: A History of New Media in Theater, Dance, Performance Art, and Installation*. MIT Press, 2007. - Cited here via its "Cyborgs, Bodies, Avatars" and "Performance and Technology since 1960" chapters; core reference for technological performance practice
- "The 1952 Untitled Event" - Black Mountain College event involving John Cage, Merce Cunningham, Robert Rauschenberg et al., often cited as a founding American Happening
## Details
### Key Theorists
- Steve Dixon - historian of digital/technological performance; theorizes the cyborg body and performance-technology hybrids since 1960 (no vault page yet)
### Exemplary Practitioners
- [[Laurie Anderson]] - pioneering multimedia performance artist merging voice, technology, and body work
### Related Concepts
- [[The Body]] - performance art foregrounds the artist's body as medium and site of meaning
- [[Video Art]] - performance and video overlap heavily from the 1960s on, in documentation and closed-circuit performance
### Creative and Technical Practices
%% none yet %%
### Associated Movements or Institutions
- Fluxus - international network central to the Happening and the event-score (active c. 1960s–70s)
- Viennese Actionism - Austrian body-art movement (Nitsch, Muehl, Brus, Export) using ritualized action and the body (active 1960s–70s)
## References
### Primary Sources Bibliography
"The Guests Go in to Supper" (1986).
### Secondary Sources Bibliography
Foster, Hal, Rosalind Krauss, Yve-Alain Bois, and Benjamin H. D. Buchloh. "1962b: Viennese Actionism." In *Art Since 1900: Modernism, Antimodernism, Postmodernism*. Thames & Hudson, 2004.
Dixon, Steve. *Digital Performance: Cyborgs, Bodies, Avatars*. n.d.
Dixon, Steve. *Digital Performance: Performance and Technology since 1960*. n.d.
"The 1952 Untitled Event." n.d.