# Third Cinema and Socio-political Cinema
[Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_Cinema)
( 1960s–present )
## Description
Third Cinema and socio-political cinema, including anticolonial filmmaking movements and their extension into Anthropocene-era political cinema — film understood as a tool of decolonization and social critique rather than entertainment or auteurist expression, extended into a contemporary Indigenous context by filmmakers such as [[Adam Khalil]].
## Key Tags
#third-cinema #decolonial #political-cinema
## Essential Works
- Koutsourakis, Angelos. "Visualizing the Anthropocene Dialectically: Jessica Woodworth and Peter Brosens' Eco-Crisis Trilogy." *Film-Philosophy* 21, no. 3 (2017): 299–325. - Reads Brosens and Woodworth's "Eco-Crisis Trilogy" (including [[Altiplano]]) through a Third Cinema/Anthropocene lens
- Iordanova, Dina. *Cinema of Flames: Balkan Film, Culture and the Media*. British Film Institute, 2001. - Socio-political cinema of the Balkans and its relation to conflict and nationalism
## Details
### Key Theorists
- [[Laura U. Marks]] - *Hanan al-Cinema* reads experimental, essayistic, and documentary cinema from and about the Arab world through affect and political history
### Exemplary Practitioners
- Peter Brosens and Jessica Woodworth - directors of the "Eco-Crisis Trilogy," including *Altiplano* (2009), read by Koutsourakis as Anthropocene-era Third Cinema
- [[Adam Khalil]] - Ojibway filmmaker extending decolonial, anticolonial cinema into a contemporary Indigenous context, with [[Zack Khalil]] and as part of New Red Order
### Related Concepts
- [[Philosophy]] - shares Koutsourakis's Anthropocene/Third Cinema scholarship
- [[Sociology and Politics]] - shares decolonial theory and political critique
### Creative and Technical Practices
%% none yet %%
### Associated Movements or Institutions
- Third Cinema - 1960s–70s Latin American film movement (Solanas, Getino, Rocha) opposing "First Cinema" (Hollywood) and "Second Cinema" (auteur cinema) with militant, anticolonial filmmaking
## References
### Primary Sources Bibliography
Brosens, Peter, Olivier Gourmet, Magaly Solier, et al., dirs. *Altiplano*. New World Cinema: Independent Features & Shorts, 1990-Present. First Run Features, 2009.
### Secondary Sources Bibliography
Braester, Yomi. *Witness against History: Literature, Film, and Public Discourse in Twentieth-Century China*. Stanford University Press, 2003.
Iordanova, Dina. *Cinema of Flames: Balkan Film, Culture and the Media*. British Film Institute, 2001.
Koutsourakis, Angelos. "Visualizing the Anthropocene Dialectically: Jessica Woodworth and Peter Brosens' Eco-Crisis Trilogy." *Film-Philosophy* (Edinburgh) 21, no. 3 (2017): 299–325. [https://doi.org/10.3366/film.2017.0053](https://doi.org/10.3366/film.2017.0053).