# Individuals **[[Adam Khalil]]** — Ojibway filmmaker and artist; essay film and installation made with his brother Zack Khalil and as part of New Red Order. #essay-film #installation #contemporary #decolonial #indigenous **[[Adriano Abbado]]** — Italian computer artist; MIT Media Lab research on perceptual correspondence between abstract animation and synthetic sound. #visual-music #contemporary #computer-animation #sound #theorist **[[Akira Mizuta Lippit]]** — American film theorist; writing on cinema, animality, and the visual regimes of atomic and X-ray imaging. #theorist **[[Alain Resnais]]** — French filmmaker; documentary and narrative work organised around memory, archive, and duration. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alain_Resnais) #essay-film #narrative-cinema #french-avant-garde **[[Alanis Obomsawin]]** — Abenaki filmmaker; long-form documentary on Indigenous land, sovereignty, and state violence in Canada. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alanis_Obomsawin) #essay-film #canadian-avant-garde #decolonial #indigenous #feminist **[[Alexander Laszlo]]** — Hungarian composer; *Farblichtmusik*, performed with a colour-projection apparatus alongside piano. #visual-music #performance #color-organ #lichtspiel **[[Alexander Rimington]]** — British painter; built a colour organ in 1893 mapping the chromatic scale onto projected light. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Wallace_Rimington) #visual-music #victorian #color-organ #tool-builder **[[Alexei Shulgin]]** — Russian artist; early net art and browser-based work, later obsolete-hardware performance. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexei_Shulgin) #conceptual #net-art #digital-video **[[Alvin Lucier]]** — American composer; acoustic phenomena and room resonance as compositional material; member of the Sonic Arts Union. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alvin_Lucier) #performance #installation #once #sonic-arts-union #sound **[[Andy Warhol]]** — American artist; fixed-camera durational film and screen tests alongside painting and print. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andy_Warhol) #durational #structural #performance #ny-underground #queer **[[Angela Bulloch]]** — Canadian-born artist; modular light and pixel works, drawing machines, and sound installation. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angela_Bulloch) #installation #contemporary #light-art **[[Anne Charlotte Robertson]]** — American filmmaker; *Five Year Diary*, an extended Super 8 diary with recorded narration. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_Charlotte_Robertson) #diary-film #super8 #feminist **[[Anne Katrin Senstad]]** #installation #contemporary #light-art #neon **[[Annette Michelson]]** — American film theorist and critic; co-founder of *October*, and the principal early scholarly account of Snow and Frampton. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annette_Michelson) #theorist #critic #institution-builder #feminist **[[Anthony McCall]]** — British-born artist; solid-light films projecting volumetric forms into haze. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_McCall) #expanded-cinema #installation #projection #apparatus-inventor **[[Arseny Avraamov]]** — Soviet composer and theorist; ornamental drawn sound and the *Symphony of Sirens*. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arseny_Avraamov) #visual-music #russian-avant-garde #drawn-sound #sound **[[Arthur Jafa]]** — American artist and cinematographer; assemblage of found and original footage, and writing on Black visual style. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Jafa) #found-footage #essay-film #installation #contemporary #black-study **[[Athanasius Kircher]]** — Jesuit polymath; catoptrics and projection described in *Ars Magna Lucis et Umbrae*, 1646. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athanasius_Kircher) #pre-cinema #phantasmagoria #projection #theorist #occult **[[Bainbridge Bishop]]** — American inventor; built a colour organ attached to a reed organ in the 1870s. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bainbridge_Bishop) #visual-music #color-organ #tool-builder **[[Barbara Buckner]]** — American video artist; image-processed work made at the Experimental Television Center. #visual-music #etc #video-synthesis #early-video #feminist **[[Barbara Hammer]]** — American filmmaker; founding figure of lesbian experimental cinema. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbara_Hammer) [barbarahammer.com](https://barbarahammer.com/) #film-poem #diary-film #west-coast #queer #queer-film #feminist **[[Barbara Rubin]]** — American filmmaker; *Christmas on Earth*, a two-projector superimposed film of bodies and sex. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbara_Rubin) #trance-film #ny-underground #queer #feminist **[[Ben Fry]]** — American designer and programmer; co-created Processing with Casey Reas. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben_Fry) #contemporary #creative-coding #tool-builder #copyleft **[[Bertrand Mandico]]** — French filmmaker; heavily art-directed narrative work shot on 16mm with practical effects. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Mandico) #narrative-cinema #contemporary #queer **[[Bill Etra]]** — American engineer and artist; co-designed the Rutt/Etra Scan Processor with Steve Rutt. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Etra) #performance #experimental-television #the-kitchen #video-synthesis #early-video #tool-builder **[[Bill Viola]]** — American artist; single-channel and large-scale video installation on perception, mortality, and mystical traditions. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Viola) #installation #contemporary #early-video #projection #mysticism **[[Birgit & Wilhelm Hein]]** — German filmmakers; materialist film practice, including *Rohfilm*, made from damaged and assembled stock. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birgit_Hein) #structural-materialist #found-footage #expanded-cinema #german-avant-garde #drawn-on-film **[[Blue Gene Tyranny]]** — American composer and pianist; longtime collaborator of Robert Ashley, including *Perfect Lives*. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_Gene_Tyranny) #performance #mills #sound #queer **[[Boris Yankovsky]]** #visual-music #russian-avant-garde #drawn-sound #sound **[[Brian Eno]]** — British composer and artist; generative music and slowly changing light and video installation. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Eno) #installation #contemporary #light-art #sound **[[Brothers Quay]]** — American-born, British-based animators; stop-motion puppet films in decayed constructed interiors. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brothers_Quay) #animation #stop-motion **[[Bruce Conner]]** — American artist; pioneer of found-footage montage. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce_Conner) #found-footage #film-poem #west-coast **[[Bruce Nauman]]** — American artist; studio-based performance for video, closed-circuit corridors, and neon. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce_Nauman) #installation #performance #conceptual #early-video #closed-circuit #projection **[[Camille Billops]]** — American artist and filmmaker; autobiographical documentary made with James Hatch, including *Finding Christa*. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camille_Billops) #diary-film #essay-film #black-study #feminist **[[Carlos Cruz-Diez]]** — Venezuelan artist; chromatic environments and works in which colour is generated by the viewer's movement. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos_Cruz-Diez) #installation #latin-american #light-art #kinetic **[[Carlota Schoolman]]** — American producer; ran television programming at The Kitchen and commissioned artists' video. #the-kitchen #early-video #institution-builder #feminist **[[Carolee Schneemann]]** — American artist; body-based performance and hand-worked film, including *Fuses*. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carolee_Schneemann) #performance #film-poem #fluxus #ny-underground #feminist **[[Carsten Nicolai]]** — German artist; audiovisual installation and performance built on signal, frequency, and error, also recording as Alva Noto. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carsten_Nicolai) #installation #performance #contemporary #live-cinema #sound **[[Casey Reas]]** — American artist; co-created Processing, and software-based generative work. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casey_Reas) #installation #contemporary #creative-coding #tool-builder #copyleft **[[Cauleen Smith]]** — American filmmaker and artist; essay film and installation drawing on Black speculative and improvisational traditions. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cauleen_Smith) #essay-film #installation #contemporary #black-study #feminist **[[Cerith Wyn Evans]]** — Welsh artist; neon text, light, and works translating writing into projected or flashing signal. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerith_Wyn_Evans) #installation #contemporary #light-art #neon #language **[[Chantal Akerman]]** — Belgian filmmaker; long-take durational narrative and first-person diary work. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chantal_Akerman) #durational #narrative-cinema #diary-film #feminist #queer **[[Charlemagne Palestine]]** — American composer and artist; sustained-tone performance and early body-based video. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlemagne_Palestine) #performance #durational #ny-underground #early-video #sound **[[Chick Strand]]** — American filmmaker; lyrical and ethnographic film, and co-founder of Canyon Cinema. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chick_Strand) #film-poem #found-footage #west-coast #institution-builder #feminist **[[Chris Levine]]** — British artist; light installation and laser works, and lenticular portraiture. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Levine) #installation #contemporary #light-art #laser **[[Chris Marker]]** — French filmmaker; essayistic documentary, photo-film, and later CD-ROM and installation. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Marker) #essay-film #diary-film #french-avant-garde **[[Chris Welsby]]** — British-Canadian filmmaker; [[London Film-Makers' Co-op]] member, Early exhibitor of film installations in London Galleries. incorporating natural forces as control. "camera angles or framing are determined by the movement of the sun, wind or tides" [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Welsby) [lost lake #2](https://vimeo.com/37384785) #structural-materialist #expanded-cinema #lfmc #canadian-avant-garde #scemfa #landscape **[[Christina Sharpe]]** — Canadian-based scholar; *In the Wake*, on the afterlives of slavery and Black visual and social life. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christina_Sharpe) #theorist #black-study #feminist **[[Christopher Harris]]** — American filmmaker; structural and archival work on Black geographies and the limits of the photographic record. #structural #essay-film #contemporary #black-study **[[Claude Chappe]]** — French engineer; built the optical telegraph network in revolutionary France. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Chappe) #pre-cinema #optical-telegraph #apparatus-inventor #tool-builder **[[Cory Arcangel]]** — American artist; modified consumer game hardware and obsolete software as material. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cory_Arcangel) #installation #conceptual #found-footage #net-art #contemporary #circuit-bending #obsolete-media #tool-builder **[[Craig Baldwin]]** — American filmmaker; collage documentary assembled from industrial and exploitation footage. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craig_Baldwin) #found-footage #essay-film #west-coast **[[Curt McDowell]]** — American filmmaker; explicit narrative and diary work made in San Francisco, including *Thundercrack!*. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curt_McDowell) #narrative-cinema #west-coast #queer **[[Curtis Harrington]]** — American filmmaker; avant-garde shorts and later occult-inflected horror features. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curtis_Harrington) #trance-film #narrative-cinema #west-coast #queer #queer-film #occult #occult-film **[[Dan Flavin]]** — American artist; installations made from commercially available fluorescent tubes. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan_Flavin) #installation #conceptual #light-art #neon **[[Dan Graham]]** — American artist; closed-circuit video and mirrored pavilions structured around delay and self-observation. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan_Graham) #installation #conceptual #closed-circuit #early-video #theorist **[[Dan Sandin]]** — American artist and physicist; built the Sandin Image Processor and co-founded the Electronic Visualization Laboratory. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan_Sandin) #installation #chicago #evl #video-synthesis #early-video #computer-animation #tool-builder **[[Daphne Oram]]** — British composer; co-founded the BBC Radiophonic Workshop and developed Oramics, a drawn-sound system. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daphne_Oram) #visual-music #drawn-sound #sound #apparatus-inventor #tool-builder #feminist **[[Dara Birnbaum]]** — American artist; appropriated broadcast television reworked into looped critique, including *Technology/Transformation: Wonder Woman*. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dara_Birnbaum) #found-footage #installation #early-video #feminist **[[David Behrman]]** — American composer; interactive electronics and computer-responsive performance; member of the Sonic Arts Union. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Behrman) #performance #sonic-arts-union #mills #sound #apparatus-inventor #tool-builder **[[David Brewster]]** — Scottish physicist; invented the kaleidoscope and the lenticular stereoscope. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Brewster) #pre-cinema #apparatus-inventor #tool-builder David E. James - *Allegories of Cinema*. **[[David Jones]]** #experimental-television #etc #video-synthesis #early-video #tool-builder **[[David Levine]]** — Performance, labor, theater, conspiracy. [Dissolution](https://davidlevine.art/dissolution) [Parallax View analysis](https://static1.squarespace.com/static/537f6618e4b00d67fdb599eb/t/58a1b2aaf5e231ba9d0ca863/1486992066212/FINAL+PV.pdf) [davidlevine.art](https://davidlevine.art/) | [hyperallergic](https://hyperallergic.com/david-levine-some-of-the-people-all-of-the-time-brooklyn-museum/) #performance #conceptual #contemporary #labor **[[David Lewis-Williams]]** — South African archaeologist and researcher of rock art, shamanism, entoptic phenomena and neuropsychology. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Lewis-Williams) [The Signs of All Times](https://www-jstor-org.offcampus.lib.washington.edu/stable/2743395?seq=1) #entoptic #vision #psychedelic #form-constants **[[David Rosenboom]]** — American composer; biofeedback and brainwave-driven performance systems. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Rosenboom) #performance #mills #sound #apparatus-inventor #theorist **[[David Tudor]]** — American pianist and composer; live electronics built from self-made and unstable circuits. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Tudor) #performance #fluxus #sound #apparatus-inventor **[[David Van Tieghem]]** — American percussionist and composer; performer in Robert Ashley's *Perfect Lives*. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Van_Tieghem) #performance #the-kitchen #sound **[[Denise Gallant]]** #visual-music #west-coast #video-synthesis #early-video **[[Derek Jarman]]** — British filmmaker and artist; Super 8 and feature work on queer history, ending with *Blue*, a single field of colour. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derek_Jarman) #film-poem #narrative-cinema #super8 #light-art #queer **[[Don McArthur]]** #experimental-television #etc #video-synthesis #tool-builder **[[Doris Totten Chase]]** — American artist; kinetic sculpture that became the subject of her early video and dance collaborations. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doris_Chase) #installation #performance #northwest #ncet #early-video #feminist **[[Dorothy & Mel Tanner]]** — American artists; Lumonics, an environment of sculpted light, sound, and projection. #installation #visual-music #light-art #laser **[[Doug Wheeler]]** — American artist; Light and Space environments in which the room's edges are made imperceptible. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doug_Wheeler_(artist)) #installation #west-coast #light-art #light-and-space **[[Douglas Trumbull]]** — American effects designer and director; slit-scan and large-format systems developed for *2001* and *Brainstorm*. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_Trumbull) #narrative-cinema #special-effects #apparatus-inventor #tool-builder **[[Dudley Andrew]]** — American film theorist, particularly specializing in world cinema, aesthetics, and French cinema. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dudley_Andrew)_Concepts in Film Theory_, _The Major Film Theories_. #theorist #critic #academic **[[Dziga Vertov]]** — Soviet filmmaker; the Kino-Eye programme and the reflexive montage of *Man with a Movie Camera*. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dziga_Vertov) #essay-film #found-footage #russian-avant-garde #theorist **[[Eadweard Muybridge]]** — British photographer; serial motion studies and the zoopraxiscope. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eadweard_Muybridge) #pre-cinema #chronophotography #scientific-imaging **[[Ed Emshwiller]]** — American artist; illustration, then experimental film and some of the earliest artist-made computer animation. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ed_Emshwiller) #animation #expanded-cinema #experimental-television #computer-animation #early-video **[[Eduardo Kac]]** — Brazilian-American artist; holopoetry, telepresence, and transgenic work. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eduardo_Kac) #installation #conceptual #contemporary #holography #bio-art #language **[[Eliane Radigue]]** — French composer; extended electronic works made on the ARP 2500, later acoustic. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89liane_Radigue) #sound **[[Emile Reynaud]]** — French inventor; the praxinoscope and the Theatre Optique, projecting hand-painted bands before cinema. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89mile_Reynaud) #animation #pre-cinema #projection #apparatus-inventor #tool-builder **[[Emmanuel Lefrant]]** — French filmmaker; camera-less work using buried and chemically treated film; director of Light Cone. #structural-materialist #contemporary #camera-less #institution-builder **[[Ephraim Asili]]** — American filmmaker; diaristic and essayistic work on the African diaspora. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ephraim_Asili) #diary-film #essay-film #contemporary #black-study **[[Eric Siegel]]** — American artist and engineer; built an early video synthesizer and showed in *TV as a Creative Medium*, 1969. #experimental-television #video-synthesis #early-video #tool-builder **[[Erika Balsom]]** — Canadian-British scholar; writing on artists' moving image, exhibition, and circulation. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erika_Balsom) #theorist #critic **[[Erkki Huhtamo]]** — Finnish media archaeologist; writing on screen practices and the history of media apparatuses. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erkki_Huhtamo) #theorist #media-archaeology **[[Ernest Gusella]]** — Canadian-American artist; early video performance and image-processed tape. #performance #visual-music #experimental-television #early-video #video-synthesis **[[Ernie Gehr]]** — American filmmaker; structural film, including *Serene Velocity*. [_Serene Velocity_](https://youtu.be/9Sywp9MiSt0?si=F2Zp9nqbwgUJkbwi) [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernie_Gehr) [interview](https://mubi.com/en/notebook/posts/a-playground-with-no-supervision-an-interview-with-ernie-gehr) #structural #ny-underground **[[Esfir Shub]]** — Soviet filmmaker; compilation documentary assembled from newsreel and archival footage. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esfir_Shub) #found-footage #essay-film #russian-avant-garde #feminist **[[Etienne-Gaspard Robertson]]** — Belgian showman; the Fantasmagorie, projecting ghosts with a moving magic lantern. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89tienne-Gaspard_Robert) #performance #pre-cinema #phantasmagoria #projection #occult **[[Etienne-Jules Marey]]** — French physiologist; chronophotographic recording of motion on a single plate. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89tienne-Jules_Marey) #pre-cinema #chronophotography #scientific-imaging #tool-builder **[[Evgeny Sholpo]]** — Soviet engineer; built the Variophone, generating sound from cut paper waveforms. #visual-music #russian-avant-garde #drawn-sound #sound #tool-builder **[[Felice Varini]]** — Swiss artist; painted geometric forms that resolve from a single vantage point. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felice_Varini) #installation #contemporary #anamorphosis **[[Fox Maxy]]** #essay-film #diary-film #contemporary #decolonial #indigenous #feminist **[[Frank Gillette]]** — American artist; closed-circuit installation, including *Wipe Cycle* with Ira Schneider. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Gillette) #installation #closed-circuit #early-video **[[Frank Malina]]** — American engineer and artist; kinetic light works using rotating painted discs. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Malina) #installation #kinetic #light-art #tool-builder **[[Friedrich Kittler]]** — German media theorist; writing on inscription systems and the technical basis of culture. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_Kittler) #theorist #media-archaeology **[[Garrett Bradley]]** — American filmmaker and artist; documentary and installation on Black life, time, and the archive. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garrett_Bradley) #essay-film #installation #contemporary #black-study #feminist **[[Gary Hill]]** — American artist; video and installation working with language, text, and the body. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gary_Hill) #installation #northwest #early-video #projection #language **[[Gene Youngblood]]** — American theorist; *[[Expanded Cinema]]*, 1970. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_Youngblood) #theorist #critic **[[George Kuchar]]** — American filmmaker; melodramatic no-budget narrative, then a large body of video diaries. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Kuchar) #narrative-cinema #diary-film #ny-underground #west-coast #early-video #queer **[[George Manupelli]]** — American filmmaker; the *Dr. Chicago* films and co-organiser of the ONCE Festival. #narrative-cinema #performance #once #institution-builder **[[Georges Rousse]]** — French artist; painted architectural interiors photographed from the point where the image coheres. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Rousse) #installation #contemporary #anamorphosis **[[Germaine Dulac]]** — French filmmaker and theorist; *The Seashell and the Clergyman*, 1928. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germaine_Dulac) #film-poem #absolute-film #french-avant-garde #theorist #feminist Gilles Deleuze - Classification by image-type; the time-image presents time directly. *Cinema 1/2*. [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilles_Deleuze) #philosophy #cinema-1 #cinema-2 **[[Giuliana Bruno]]** — Italian-American scholar; writing on moving image, architecture, and surface, including *Atlas of Emotion*. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giuliana_Bruno) #theorist **[[Golan Levin]]** — American artist; interactive and audiovisual software work, and open tools for artists. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golan_Levin) #installation #performance #contemporary #creative-coding #interactive #tool-builder **[[Gordon Mumma]]** — American composer; self-built circuits in live performance; member of the ONCE Group and Sonic Arts Union. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gordon_Mumma) #performance #once #sonic-arts-union #sound #apparatus-inventor #tool-builder **[[Greg Hermanovic]]** — Canadian developer; co-founded Derivative and created TouchDesigner. #contemporary #creative-coding #live-cinema #tool-builder **[[Gunvor Nelson]]** — Swedish-American filmmaker; lyrical and collage film made in the Bay Area and later Sweden. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunvor_Nelson) #film-poem #diary-film #west-coast #feminist **[[Guy Debord]]** — French theorist and filmmaker; detournement and the films accompanying *The Society of the Spectacle*. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guy_Debord) #essay-film #found-footage #situationist #theorist **[[Guy Sherwin]]** — British filmmaker; optical sound and performance work with multiple projectors. #structural-materialist #expanded-cinema #lfmc #optical-sound #sound #drawn-on-film **[[Hans Richter]]** — German artist; abstract scroll films and Dada work, later a historian of the movement. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Richter_(artist)) *Rhythmus 21*. #absolute-film #visual-music #dada #german-avant-garde **[[Harry Smith]]** — American artist; hand-painted and collage animation, and folk music anthologising. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Everett_Smith) #direct-animation #drawn-on-film #visual-music #camera-less #occult **[[Harun Farocki]]** — German filmmaker; essay film and installation on labour, war, and images produced by machines for machines. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harun_Farocki) #essay-film #found-footage #installation #german-avant-garde #theorist #labor #surveillance **[[Heinrich Klüver]]** — German-American biological psychologist and philosopher. Studied entoptic effects of Mescal [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_Kl%C3%BCver) #entoptic #form-constants #optics #psychedelics #trance-film **[[Helga Fanderl]]** — German filmmaker; short unedited Super 8 observations, projected in variable programmes. #film-poem #lyrical #german-avant-garde #super8 #algorithmic **[[Hito Steyerl]]** — German artist and theorist; essayistic video installation and writing on circulation and image politics. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hito_Steyerl) #essay-film #installation #contemporary #theorist #language **[[Hollis Frampton]]** — American filmmaker and theorist; structural film and photographic serialism, including *Zorns Lemma*. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hollis_Frampton) #structural #conceptual #ny-underground #buffalo #theorist #language **[[Howard Wise]]** — American gallerist; showed kinetic and light art in the 1960s and founded Electronic Arts Intermix in 1971. #ny-underground #eai #institution-builder **[[Iannis Xenakis]]** — Greek-French composer and architect; stochastic composition and the Polytopes, environments of light and sound. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iannis_Xenakis) #performance #installation #light-art #sound #laser #theorist **[[Ira Schneider]]** — American artist; closed-circuit and multi-monitor installation, including *Wipe Cycle* with Frank Gillette. #installation #closed-circuit #early-video **[[Isaac Julien]]** — British artist; multi-screen installation and film on diaspora, desire, and migration. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Julien) #essay-film #installation #contemporary #queer #black-study **[[Ja'Tovia Gary]]** — American artist; hand-worked and archival film on Black womanhood and the historical record. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ja%27Tovia_Gary) #essay-film #found-footage #contemporary #black-study #feminist **[[Jack Ellitt]]** — drawn sound composer and contributor to [[Len Lye]]. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Ellitt), [Bandcamp](https://shamefilemusic.bandcamp.com/album/sound-constructions) #visual-music #drawn-sound #sound **[[Jack Smith]]** — American filmmaker and performer; *Flaming Creatures* and a long practice of live, unfinished performance. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Smith_(film_director)) Analysis in [[Cruising Utopia]] #performance #ny-underground #queer #queer-failure #queer-theory **[[James Benning]]** — American filmmaker; long-take landscape films built on fixed durations and precise structure. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Benning) #durational #structural #landscape **[[James Broughton]]** — American poet and filmmaker; lyrical film poems from the Bay Area. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Broughton) - *Film as a Way of Seeing* [*Seeing the Light*](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1IEFUxplUepwUM_6d1iuHN2PvvrpVDmRD/view?usp=drive_link) #film-poem #west-coast #queer **[[James Coupe]]** — British/Seattle artist; installation using surveillance systems, algorithmic sorting, and generated narrative. #installation #conceptual #contemporary #northwest #surveillance #dxarts **[[James Tenney]]** — American composer and theorist; early computer music at Bell Labs and writing on perception and form. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Tenney) #sound #computer-animation #theorist **[[James Turrell]]** — American artist; light and space works, including the ongoing Roden Crater. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Turrell) #installation #light-art #projection #mysticism **[[James Whitney]]** — American animator; slow mandalic abstraction, including *Yantra* and *Lapis*. #visual-music #animation #west-coast #occult **[[Jamie Fenton]]** — American programmer and artist; *Digital TV Dinner*, made by crashing a Bally Astrocade, an early glitch work. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamie_Fenton) #conceptual #chicago #evl #glitch #circuit-bending #obsolete-media #tool-builder #trans **[[Jane Veeder]]** — American artist; computer graphics and video made in Chicago, including *Montana*. #computer-animation #chicago #evl #computer-animation #feminist **[[Jean Genet]]** — French writer; *Un Chant d'Amour*, 1950, his only film. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Genet) #narrative-cinema #french-avant-garde #queer **[[Jenny Holzer]]** — American artist; text works in LED, projection, and stone. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jenny_Holzer) #installation #conceptual #neon #projection #light-art #language **[[Jerome Hiler]]** — American filmmaker; densely superimposed 16mm work, shown rarely and often in programmes with Nathaniel Dorsky. #film-poem #lyrical #west-coast #queer **[[Jill Kroesen]]** — American composer and performer; theatrical song cycles, and a performer in *Perfect Lives*. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jill_Kroesen) #performance #opera #the-kitchen #feminist **[[Jim Blinn]]** — American computer scientist; foundational rendering techniques and the JPL planetary animations. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Blinn) #computer-animation #tool-builder **[[Joan Jonas]]** — American artist; performance for closed-circuit video using mirrors, masks, and delay. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Jonas) #performance #installation #closed-circuit #early-video #feminist **[[Joan La Barbara]]** — American vocalist and composer; extended vocal technique and interpreter of Ashley, Cage, and Feldman. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_La_Barbara) #performance #sound #feminist **[[JODI]]** — Dutch-Belgian duo Joan Heemskerk and Dirk Paesmans; net art and modified game software. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jodi_(art_collective)) #conceptual #net-art #circuit-bending #obsolete-media **[[John Akomfrah]]** — British artist; founding member of Black Audio Film Collective, working in archival montage and multi-channel installation. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Akomfrah) #essay-film #found-footage #installation #contemporary #black-study #decolonial **[[John Baldessari]]** — American artist; conceptual work in photography, text, and early video. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Baldessari) #conceptual #early-video #language **[[John Bischoff]]** — American composer; live computer network music and a member of the League of Automatic Music Composers. #performance #west-coast #sound **[[John Sanborn]]** — American artist; video with Kit Fitzgerald, and director of Robert Ashley's *Perfect Lives*. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Sanborn) #performance #installation #the-kitchen #early-video **[[John Smith]]** — British filmmaker; structural work turned toward voice-over, place, and comic misdirection. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Smith_(film_director)) *The Girl Chewing Gum*. #structural #essay-film #lfmc #language **[[John Whitney Jr.]]** — American animator and technologist; early digital film effects work. #computer-animation #tool-builder **[[John Whitney Sr.]]** — American animator; mechanical analogue computer animation and early digital motion graphics. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Whitney_(animator)) #visual-music #computer-animation #tool-builder **[[Jonas Mekas]]** — Lithuanian-American filmmaker; diary film, criticism, and co-founder of Anthology Film Archives. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonas_Mekas) #diary-film #film-poem #ny-underground #institution-builder #critic **[[Jonathan Crary]]** — American scholar; *Techniques of the Observer*, on the nineteenth-century reconstruction of vision. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan_Crary) #theorist **[[jonCates]]** — American artist and historian; glitch and dirty new media practice, and founder of the Phil Morton Memorial Research Archive. #conceptual #chicago #contemporary #glitch #obsolete-media #theorist #institution-builder #copyleft **[[Jordan Belson]]** — American filmmaker; abstract cosmological animation, and the Vortex Concerts with Henry Jacobs. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordan_Belson) profiled by [[Gene Youngblood]] in *[[Expanded Cinema]]* #visual-music #expanded-cinema #west-coast #light-art #occult **[[Joseph Plateau]]** — Belgian physicist; the phenakistiscope and studies of persistence of vision. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Plateau) #pre-cinema #apparatus-inventor #tool-builder **[[Joshua White]]** — American artist; the Joshua Light Show, liquid-light projection for concert performance. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joshua_Light_Show) #expanded-cinema #performance #ny-underground #liquid-light #projection **[[José Val del Omar]]** — Spanish filmmaker and inventor; tactile vision, diaphonic sound, and apparatuses built for his own films. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Val_del_Omar) #expanded-cinema #apparatus-inventor #occult **[[Joyce Wieland]]** — Canadian artist and filmmaker; structural film, quilts, and painting, often on national and ecological themes. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joyce_Wieland) #structural #film-poem #canadian-avant-garde #ny-underground #feminist **[[Julie Dash]]** — American filmmaker; *Daughters of the Dust*, and a member of the L.A. Rebellion. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julie_Dash) #narrative-cinema #black-study #feminist **[[Julio Le Parc]]** — Argentine artist; kinetic and light works made with the Groupe de Recherche d'Art Visuel. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julio_Le_Parc) #installation #latin-american #light-art #kinetic **[[Kara Keeling]]** — American scholar; *The Witch's Flight*, on Black feminist and queer theory and the cinematic image. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kara_Keeling) #theorist #black-study #queer **[[Keith Sonnier]]** — American artist; neon and light sculpture, and early video. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keith_Sonnier) #installation #ny-underground #early-video #neon #light-art **[[Ken Jacobs]]** — American filmmaker; found-footage re-photography and decades of live projection performance. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ken_Jacobs) #found-footage #expanded-cinema #structural #ny-underground **[[Ken Knowlton]]** — American computer scientist; BEFLIX and early computer-generated images at Bell Labs. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ken_Knowlton) #computer-animation #tool-builder **[[Kenji Mizoguchi]]** — Japanese filmmaker; long-take staging in depth across a large body of studio work. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenji_Mizoguchi) #narrative-cinema #durational **[[Kenneth Anger]]** — American filmmaker; short mythological films drawing on occultism and homoerotic iconography. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_Anger) #trance-film #ny-underground #queer #occult **[[Kevin Jerome Everson]]** — American filmmaker; a very large body of work on Black labour, gesture, and everyday duration. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Jerome_Everson) #durational #essay-film #contemporary #black-study #labor **[[Khalil Joseph]]** — American filmmaker and artist; music video and multi-channel installation. #installation #essay-film #contemporary #black-study **[[Kit Fitzgerald]]** — American artist; video and live image processing, much of it made with John Sanborn. #performance #installation #the-kitchen #early-video #feminist **[[Krzysztof Wodiczko]]** — Polish artist; large-scale projection onto public buildings and monuments. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krzysztof_Wodiczko) #installation #contemporary #projection #public-space **[[Kurt Hentschlager]]** — Austrian artist; immersive light, fog, and sound environments, formerly half of Granular Synthesis. #installation #performance #contemporary #live-cinema #projection #light-art **[[Kurt Kren]]** — Austrian filmmaker; rigorously scored frame-by-frame editing, including films of the Vienna Actionists. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurt_Kren) #structural #performance #austrian-avant-garde **[[Kurt Schwerdtfeger]]** — German artist; *Reflektorische Farblichtspiele*, projected colour-light performances made at the Bauhaus. #visual-music #expanded-cinema #bauhaus #lichtspiel #projection **[[La Monte Young]]** — American composer; sustained tone and long-duration work, including the Dream House with Marian Zazeela. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Monte_Young) #performance #installation #fluxus #sound #light-art **[[Larry Cuba]]** — American animator; algorithmic computer animation, including *Calculated Movements*. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Cuba) [3/78 (Objects and Transformations)](https://vimeo.com/719688071) (1978) [Two Space](https://vimeo.com/719688684) (1979) [Calculated Movements](https://vimeo.com/719689551) (1985) [interview with Gene Youngblood](https://people.well.com/user/cuba/VideoArt.html) [Datamax UV-1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datamax_UV-1) #visual-music #computer-animation **[[Larry Gottheim]]** — American filmmaker; single-shot and structural work, later complex sound-image constructions. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Gottheim) #structural #durational #landscape **[[Lars Larsen]]** — American engineer; founded LZX Industries, manufacturing modular analogue video synthesis hardware. #contemporary #video-synthesis #analog-revival #tool-builder **[[Laszlo Moholy-Nagy]]** — Hungarian artist; photograms, the Light-Space Modulator, and writing on the new vision. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A1szl%C3%B3_Moholy-Nagy) #absolute-film #installation #bauhaus #lichtspiel #camera-less #kinetic #light-art #theorist **[[Laura U. Marks]]** — Canadian scholar; writing on intercultural cinema, haptic visuality, and Islamic aesthetics. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laura_U._Marks) #theorist #decolonial **[[Laurie Anderson]]** — American artist; performance combining voice processing, invented instruments, projection, and narration. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurie_Anderson) #performance #installation #the-kitchen #early-video #sound **[[Laurie Spiegel]]** — American composer and programmer; computer music at Bell Labs and the Music Mouse software. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurie_Spiegel) #visual-music #bell-labs #computer-animation #sound #tool-builder #feminist **[[Legacy Russell]]** — American curator and writer; *Glitch Feminism*. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legacy_Russell) #contemporary #theorist #critic #glitch #black-study #feminist **[[Len Lye]]** — New Zealand artist; direct film painted and scratched onto stock, and kinetic sculpture. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Len_Lye) #direct-animation #drawn-on-film #animation #camera-less **[[Lillian Schwartz]]** — American artist; computer-generated film made in collaboration with engineers at Bell Labs. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lillian_Schwartz) #computer-animation #computer-animation #feminist **[[Lis Rhodes]]** — British filmmaker; optical sound, expanded projection, and feminist film politics. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lis_Rhodes) #structural-materialist #expanded-cinema #lfmc #optical-sound #sound #feminist **[[Loie Fuller]]** — American dancer; stage work built from fabric, electric light, and coloured projection. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loie_Fuller) #performance #light-art #projection #feminist **[[Lotte Reiniger]]** — German animator; silhouette animation, including *The Adventures of Prince Achmed*, 1926. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotte_Reiniger) #animation #german-avant-garde #stop-motion #silhouette **[[Louis Bertrand Castel]]** — French Jesuit mathematician; proposed the ocular harpsichord, mapping sound to colour. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Bertrand_Castel) #visual-music #pre-cinema #color-organ #tool-builder **[[Ludwig Hirschfeld-Mack]]** — German artist; *Farbenlichtspiele*, colour-light plays performed at the Bauhaus. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwig_Hirschfeld-Mack) #visual-music #expanded-cinema #bauhaus #lichtspiel #projection #color-organ **[[Maggi Payne]]** — American composer; electronic music, flute, and film, and co-director of the Center for Contemporary Music. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maggi_Payne) #performance #film-poem #mills #sound #feminist **[[Malcolm Le Grice]]** — British filmmaker and theorist; structural-materialist film, expanded projection, and early computer work. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malcolm_Le_Grice) *Abstract Film and Beyond* #structural-materialist #expanded-cinema #lfmc #scemfa #theorist **[[Marian Zazeela]]** — American artist; light and calligraphic works, and co-creator of the Dream House with La Monte Young. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marian_Zazeela) #installation #fluxus #light-art #projection #feminist **[[Marie Menken]]** — American filmmaker; hand-held lyrical shorts made alongside her painting. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Menken) #film-poem #lyrical #ny-underground #feminist **[[Marlon Riggs]]** — American filmmaker; video essay on Black gay identity and representation, including *Tongues Untied*. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlon_Riggs) #essay-film #diary-film #early-video #black-study #queer **[[Martha Rosler]]** — American artist; video, photomontage, and writing on domestic labour, war, and public space. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martha_Rosler) #essay-film #performance #early-video #feminist #labor **[[Martin Arnold]]** — Austrian filmmaker; optically printed reworkings of Hollywood footage into stuttering loops. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Arnold_(filmmaker)) #found-footage #austrian-avant-garde #optical-printing **[[Mary Ashley]]** — American artist; performance and environmental work with the ONCE Group, Ann Arbor. #performance #installation #once #feminist **[[Mary Corse]]** — American painter; canvases using glass microspheres so the image changes with the viewer's position. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Corse) #installation #west-coast #light-art #light-and-space #feminist **[[Mary Hallock-Greenewalt]]** — American pianist and inventor; Nourathar, a colour-light art with its own instruments and patents. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Hallock-Greenewalt) #visual-music #performance #color-organ #tool-builder #feminist **[[Mary Lucier]]** — American artist; video installation, including *Dawn Burn*, made by pointing a camera at the sun. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Lucier) #installation #early-video #closed-circuit #feminist **[[Mary Ellen Bute]]** — American filmmaker; abstract animation and oscilloscope-generated imagery set to music. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Ellen_Bute) #visual-music #animation #oscilloscope #feminist **[[Maureen Turim]]** — American film scholar; writing on the flashback and on Japanese experimental cinema. [Abstraction in Avant-Garde Films]([https://drive.google.com/file/d/18_RnXlyTgX-IRUOrYXd_9RVI2ZdFk1GY/view?usp=drive_link](https://monoskop.org/images/7/78/Turim_Maureen_Cheryn_Abstraction_in_Avant_Garde_Films.pdf)) #theorist #critic #feminist **[[Max Mathews]]** — American engineer; the MUSIC programs, the basis of computer sound synthesis. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Mathews) #sound #computer-animation #tool-builder **[[Maximilien Luc Proctor]]** French-American filmmaker based in Berlin [6x6 Project](https://6x6project.com/portfolio/maximilien-luc-proctor/) #film-poem #contemporary #super8 #critic **[[Maya Deren]]** — American filmmaker and theorist; trance film, ritual, and independent distribution. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_Deren) [Meshes of the Afternoon](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1y2ZBnxJfkJQ-EVxbcY82tUmupWfg3-FQ/view?usp=drive_link) #trance-film #lyrical #theorist #institution-builder #feminist **[[Michael Betancourt]]** — American theorist and artist; writing on visual music and the history of colour-light performance, [michaelbetancourt.com](https://michaelbetancourt.com/) #visual-music #theorist #critic #glitch #motion-graphics **[[Michael Snow]]** — Canadian artist; structural film, photography, sculpture, and music. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Snow) *Wavelength* (1967), *La Région Centrale*. | [IMDb](https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0811296/) | [Letterboxd](https://letterboxd.com/director/michael-snow/) #structural #conceptual #canadian-avant-garde **[[Mike Kuchar]]** — American filmmaker; melodramatic underground narrative, often made with his brother George. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Kuchar) #narrative-cinema #ny-underground #queer **[[Miko Revereza]]** — Filipino filmmaker; diaristic and essayistic work on migration, documentation, and departure. [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miko_Revereza) #diary-film #essay-film #contemporary #decolonial **[[Milton Cohen]]** — American artist; the Space Theater, a room of rotating mirrors and projections, Ann Arbor. #expanded-cinema #installation #once #lichtspiel #projection **[[Milton Moses Ginsberg]]** — American filmmaker; *Coming Apart*, shot entirely as a fixed reflection in a mirror. . [Coming Apart](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1FWBxEudy1MZMDuqwPm7wzZKs-bapOIVb/view?usp=drive_link) (1969) [[Movie Journal#Coming Apart|notes]] · [[Adventure of Self Discovery#Werewolf of Washington|Werewolf of Washington]] (1973) #narrative-cinema #durational #confessional #surveillance **[[Mimi Johnson]]** — American arts administrator; founded Performing Artservices, representing composers including Robert Ashley. #the-kitchen #institution-builder #feminist **[[Morgan Fisher]]** — American filmmaker and artist; films about the conditions and materials of film production. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morgan_Fisher_(artist)) *Standard Gauge*, *Production Stills*. #structural #conceptual **[[Myron Krueger]]** — American computer artist; *Videoplace*, responsive environments using silhouette capture. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myron_W._Krueger) #installation #interactive #closed-circuit #tool-builder **[[N. Katherine Hayles]]** — American theorist; *How We Became Posthuman*, on embodiment and information. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N._Katherine_Hayles) #theorist **[[Nam June Paik]]** — Korean-American artist; founding figure of video art, sculpture with televisions, and the Paik/Abe synthesizer. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nam_June_Paik) #installation #fluxus #experimental-television #early-video #video-synthesis #feedback #robotics #sculpture **[[Narcisa Hirsch]]** — German-born Argentine filmmaker; experimental and diary film made in Buenos Aires. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narcisa_Hirsch) #film-poem #diary-film #latin-american #feminist **[[Nathaniel Dorsky]]** — American filmmaker; silent devotional montage projected at 18 frames per second. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nathaniel_Dorsky) #film-poem #lyrical #west-coast #theorist #queer **[[Nick Briz]]** — American artist and educator; glitch practice and open documentation of tools and methods. #conceptual #chicago #contemporary #glitch #digital-video #tool-builder #copyleft **[[Nicky Hamlyn]]** — British filmmaker and writer; structural work on the frame, and criticism of experimental film. *Film Art Phenomena*. [Vimeo](https://vimeo.com/user56141429) #structural-materialist #lfmc #theorist **[[Nicolas Schoffer]]** — Hungarian-French artist; cybernetic light towers and spatiodynamic sculpture. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_Sch%C3%B6ffer) #installation #kinetic #light-art #projection #tool-builder **[[Nikolai Voinov]]** #visual-music #animation #russian-avant-garde #drawn-sound #sound **[[Norman McLaren]]** — Scottish-Canadian animator; direct animation and sound drawn onto the film strip, made at the NFB. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_McLaren) #direct-animation #drawn-on-film #animation #visual-music #canadian-avant-garde #camera-less #drawn-sound #sound **[[Olafur Eliasson]]** — Danish-Icelandic artist; installations staging light, weather, and perception. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olafur_Eliasson) #installation #contemporary #light-art **[[Olia Lialina]]** — Russian artist and theorist; early net art and the preservation of vernacular web culture. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olia_Lialina) #conceptual #net-art #obsolete-media #theorist #feminist **[[Oskar Fischinger]]** — German animator; abstract animation set to music, and experiments in drawn sound. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oskar_Fischinger). [oskarfischinger.org](https://www.oskarfischinger.org/) #visual-music #absolute-film #animation #german-avant-garde #drawn-sound #color-organ **[[Otto Piene]]** — German artist; light ballets and sky art, and co-founder of Group ZERO. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_Piene) #installation #performance #zero #light-art #kinetic **[[Owen Land]]** — American filmmaker; structural films that turn their own devices into deadpan comedy. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owen_Land) #structural #found-footage #ny-underground **[[P. Adams Sitney]]** — American critic; *Visionary Film*, and co-founder of Anthology Film Archives. named "structural film." [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P._Adams_Sitney) *Visionary Film*. #theorist #critic #institution-builder **[[Paul DeMarinis]]** — American artist; sound installation reconstructing obsolete and speculative media technologies. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_DeMarinis) #installation #performance #mills #sound #apparatus-inventor #media-archaeology #tool-builder **[[Paul Sharits]]** — American filmmaker; flicker film, multi-projector installation, and frame-based colour structure. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Sharits) #structural #expanded-cinema #fluxus #buffalo #flicker [[Paul Taberham]] — Cognitive science applied to avant-garde cinema. [Google Scholar](https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=udjTMQzjVAsC&hl=en) *Lessons in Perception*. *Poetics of Animation* **[[Paul Virilio]]** — French theorist; writing on speed, war, and the logistics of perception. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Virilio) #theorist #surveillance **[[pauline oliveros]]** — American composer; accordion, Deep Listening, and text-based sonic meditations. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pauline_Oliveros) #performance #sound #theorist #feminist #queer **[[Peer Bode]]** — German-American artist; image-processed video and instrument development at the Experimental Television Center. #visual-music #experimental-television #etc #video-synthesis #tool-builder **[[Peter Campus]]** — American artist; closed-circuit installations placing the viewer's image inside the work. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Campus) #installation #closed-circuit #early-video **[[Peter Gidal]]** — British filmmaker and theorist; structural-materialist film and anti-illusionist polemic. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Gidal) *[Materialist Film](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1HY8SFLkCJXYvS5SHum-wMz0xX-mqiX9e/view?usp=drive_link)* #structural-materialist #lfmc #theorist **[[Peter Gordon]]** — American composer; the Love of Life Orchestra, and a performer in *Perfect Lives*. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Gordon_(musician)) #performance #the-kitchen #sound **[[Peter Hutton]]** — American filmmaker; silent landscape and harbour films in long fixed shots. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Hutton) #durational #lyrical #landscape **[[Peter Kubelka]]** — Austrian filmmaker; metric film, *Arnulf Rainer*, the Invisible Cinema, and co-founder of the Austrian Film Museum. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Kubelka) #metric-film #structural #austrian-avant-garde #flicker #camera-less #optical-sound #apparatus-inventor #theorist #institution-builder **[[Peter Tscherkassky]]** — Austrian filmmaker; darkroom-made films exposed by hand from found 35mm. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Tscherkassky) #found-footage #austrian-avant-garde #optical-printing #camera-less **[[Peter Wollen]]** — British theorist and filmmaker; *Signs and Meaning in the Cinema*, and films made with [[Laura Mulvey]]. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Wollen) *Signs and Meaning in the Cinema*. [[Riddle of the Sphinx]] #essay-film #theorist #critic #counter-cinema **[[Petra Cortright]]** — American artist; webcam video and digital painting distributed online. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petra_Cortright) #conceptual #net-art #contemporary #digital-video #feminist **[[Phil Morton]]** — American artist and educator; founded the Video Area at SAIC, wrote the COPY-IT-RIGHT distribution religion, and made *General Motors*. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phil_Morton) #essay-film #conceptual #chicago #evl #video-synthesis #tool-builder #copyleft **[[Pipilotti Rist]]** — Swiss artist; saturated video installation projected across rooms and objects. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pipilotti_Rist) #installation #contemporary #projection #digital-video #feminist **[[R. Bruce Elder]]** — Canadian filmmaker and theorist; a very long serial film cycle, and writing on the avant-garde and technology. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R._Bruce_Elder) *The Book of All the Dead*. [[Harmony + Dissent]] Analyses of [[Stan Brakhage]], [[Ezra Pound]] work based on Pound's [[Cantos]] #film-poem #canadian-avant-garde #theorist #poetics **[[Rafael Lozano-Hemmer]]** — Mexican-Canadian artist; large-scale interactive installation using projection, tracking, and biometric data. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafael_Lozano-Hemmer) #installation #contemporary #latin-american #projection #interactive #light-art #surveillance #public-space **[[Rafael Montanez Ortiz]]** — American artist; destruction art, film recycling, and founder of El Museo del Barrio. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafael_Montanez_Ortiz) #found-footage #performance #latin-american #fluxus #institution-builder #decolonial **[[Ralph Hocking]]** — American artist; founded the Experimental Television Center in New York State. #experimental-television #etc #early-video #institution-builder **[[Richard Serra]]** — American sculptor; early films and videos on process and material alongside steel work. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Serra) #structural #conceptual #ny-underground #early-video **[[Robert Ashley]]** — American composer; television opera and speech-based work, including *Perfect Lives* and *Music with Roots in the Aether*. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Ashley_(composer)) [[Sonic Arts Union]] [[Eliane Radigue]] #performance #opera #early-video #sound #mills **[[Robert Breer]]** — American animator; frame-by-frame collage film and kinetic sculpture. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Breer) #animation #ny-underground #fluxus **[[Robert Cahen]]** — French artist; video work using slow motion and electronic treatment, trained in musique concrete. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Cahen) #essay-film #french-avant-garde #early-video **[[Robert Darroll]]** Computer animation, mythological abstraction. [Korean Trilogy and other films](https://vimeo.com/174968953) #visual-music #animation #computer-animation **[[Robert Henke]]** — German artist; laser and audiovisual performance, and co-creator of Ableton Live. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Henke) #performance #contemporary #live-cinema #laser #sound #tool-builder **[[Robert Hooke]]** — English natural philosopher; microscopy in *Micrographia*, and early observation of refractive schlieren effects. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Hooke) #pre-cinema #scientific-imaging #schlieren **[[Robert Irwin]]** — American artist; Light and Space work using scrim, light, and altered architecture. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Irwin_(artist)) #installation #west-coast #light-art #light-and-space **[[Robert Morris]]** — American artist; process sculpture, performance, and early films and video. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Morris_(artist)) #performance #conceptual #installation #ny-underground #early-video #theorist [[Roland Barthes]] — French literary theorist, essayist, philosopher, critic, and semiotician. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roland_Barthes) *[Mythologies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mythologies_(book))* #semiotics #philosophy #theory #academic **[[Rosa Menkman]]** — Dutch artist and theorist; glitch practice and the *Glitch Studies Manifesto*. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_Menkman) #conceptual #contemporary #glitch #digital-video #theorist #feminist **[[Rosalind Krauss]]** — American critic; co-founder of *October*, and the essay on video as narcissism. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosalind_E._Krauss) #theorist #critic #feminist **[[Rose Lowder]]** — Peruvian-French filmmaker; frame-by-frame in-camera editing of gardens and landscape. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rose_Lowder) #structural #french-avant-garde #landscape #feminist **[[Rudolph Pfenninger]]** — German engineer; drawn sound synthesised from hand-made waveform cards. #visual-music #german-avant-garde #drawn-sound #sound #tool-builder **[[Ryan Trecartin]]** — American artist; hyperactive video and installation made with Lizzie Fitch. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryan_Trecartin) #installation #performance #contemporary #digital-video #queer #social-media #confessional #hyper-realism **[[Ryoji Ikeda]]** — Japanese artist; audiovisual work built from data, sine tones, and high-contrast projection. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryoji_Ikeda) #installation #performance #contemporary #live-cinema #sound #projection **[[Sadie Benning]]** — American artist; Pixelvision diaries, later painting and installation. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadie_Benning) #diary-film #film-poem #pixelvision #early-video #queer #feminist **[[Sharon Lockhart]]** — American artist; photography and long-take film on labour, gesture, and collaboration. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharon_Lockhart) #durational #installation #contemporary #labor #feminist **[[Sherry Miller Hocking]]** — American administrator and historian; co-directed the Experimental Television Center and documented its tools. #experimental-television #etc #early-video #institution-builder #feminist **[[Shigeko Kubota]]** — Japanese-American artist; video sculpture, including the Duchampiana series. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shigeko_Kubota) #installation #fluxus #early-video #feminist **[[Shirley Clarke]]** — American filmmaker; independent narrative and documentary, later video and Tee Pee Video Space Troupe. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shirley_Clarke) #narrative-cinema #diary-film #ny-underground #early-video #institution-builder #feminist **[[Shuya Abe]]** — Japanese engineer; co-designed the Paik/Abe Video Synthesizer with Nam June Paik, 1969-70. #experimental-television #video-synthesis #early-video #tool-builder **[[Siegfried Zielinski]]** — German media theorist; variantology and the search for deep time in media history. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siegfried_Zielinski) #theorist #media-archaeology **[[Simon Payne]]** — British filmmaker; digital video work on colour, flicker, and graphic structure. #structural #contemporary #digital-video **[[Simone Browne]]** — Canadian scholar; *Dark Matters*, on surveillance and Blackness. #theorist #black-study #surveillance **[[Skip Sweeney]]** — American artist; video feedback practice and co-founder of Video Free America. #performance #west-coast #early-video #closed-circuit **[[Sky Hopinka]]** — Ho-Chunk filmmaker and artist; film and installation on language, landscape, and Indigenous presence. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sky_Hopinka) #essay-film #film-poem #contemporary #decolonial #indigenous **[[Sondra Perry]]** — American artist; video and installation using consumer 3D software and interface aesthetics. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sondra_Perry) #installation #essay-film #contemporary #digital-video #black-study #feminist **[[Stan Brakhage]]** — American filmmaker; a very large body of lyrical and hand-painted film. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stan_Brakhage) #lyrical #film-poem #camera-less #drawn-on-film **[[Stan VanDerBeek]]** — American artist; collage animation, the Movie-Drome, and early computer film. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stan_VanDerBeek) #expanded-cinema #animation #ny-underground #projection #computer-animation **[[Steina & Woody Vasulka]]** — Icelandic and Czech artists; electronic image research, instrument building, and co-founders of The Kitchen. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steina_and_Woody_Vasulka) [vasulka.org](https://www.vasulka.org/Videomasters/MA_index.html) #installation #expanded-cinema #experimental-television #the-kitchen #buffalo #early-video #video-synthesis #tool-builder #institution-builder **[[Stephen Beck]]** — American artist and engineer; built the Direct Video Synthesizer and worked at the National Center for Experiments in Television. #visual-music #west-coast #ncet #video-synthesis #early-video #tool-builder **[[Steve Farrer]]** — British filmmaker; built projection machines, including a rotating apparatus for *The Machine*, full-width filmstrip projected in the round. #expanded-cinema #lfmc #apparatus-inventor **[[Steve Rutt]]** — American engineer; co-designed the Rutt/Etra Scan Processor with Bill Etra. #experimental-television #video-synthesis #early-video #tool-builder **[[Storm de Hirsch]]** — American filmmaker and poet; hand-etched animation and lyrical film in the New York underground. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storm_De_Hirsch) #film-poem #direct-animation #drawn-on-film #ny-underground #camera-less #feminist **[[Stuart Hall]]** — Jamaican-British Marxist sociologist, cultural theorist, and political activist. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuart_Hall_(cultural_theorist)) - [_Race, the Floating Signifier_](http://www.mediaed.org/cgi-bin/commerce.cgi?preadd=action&key=407) (1997). - [_Representation & the Media_](http://www.mediaed.org/cgi-bin/commerce.cgi?preadd=action&key=409) (1997). - [_The Origins of Cultural Studies_](http://www.mediaed.org/cgi-bin/commerce.cgi?preadd=action&key=414) (2006). #hegemony #cultural-studies #marxism #communication #media #mediation #semiotics #theory #critic **[[Su Friedrich]]** — American filmmaker; diary and essay film on family, sexuality, and gentrification. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Su_Friedrich) [sufriedrich.com](https://www.sufriedrich.com/) #diary-film #essay-film #feminist #queer **[[Takahiko Iimura]]** — Japanese artist; conceptual film and video on time, language, and the frame. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takahiko_Iimura) #structural #conceptual #japanese-experimental #fluxus #early-video **[[Takashi Ito]]** — Japanese filmmaker; optically printed films built from repeated architectural space. [Box](https://youtu.be/1QmetESbp5o) [filmography](https://www.imageforum.co.jp/ito/filmography_e.html) #structural #japanese-experimental #optical-printing **[[Takeshi Murata]]** — American artist; datamoshed animation and later 3D-rendered still life. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takeshi_Murata) #animation #found-footage #contemporary #glitch #digital-video **[[Terry Riley]]** — American composer; *In C*, tape delay work, and long improvised keyboard performance. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terry_Riley) #performance #durational #west-coast #mills #sound **[[Thomas Wilfred]]** — Danish-American artist; Lumia, and the Clavilux, an instrument for composing with projected light. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Wilfred) #visual-music #lumia #color-organ #light-art #tool-builder **[[Thorsten Fleisch]]** — German filmmaker; camera-less and physically generated imagery, including work exposed by high voltage. Material physics as image-generation: electricity, blood, crystal growth. [Vimeo](https://vimeo.com/fleischfilm) [interview with Edge of Frame](http://www.edgeofframe.co.uk/thorsten-fleisch) [Dromosphäre](https://vimeo.com/8067013) [Friendly Fire](https://vimeo.com/showcase/96320/video/4027260) [Energie!](https://vimeo.com/5034957) (2007) [Mustererkenntnis / Pattern Cognition](https://vimeo.com/315036495) #animation #german-avant-garde #camera-less **[[Tina Campt]]** — American scholar; writing on Black photography, listening, and the quiet register of images. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tina_Campt) #theorist #black-study #feminist **[[Tom DeFanti]]** — American computer scientist; the GRASS language and co-founder of the Electronic Visualization Laboratory. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_DeFanti) #computer-animation #chicago #evl #computer-animation #tool-builder **[[Tony Cokes]]** — American artist; text-on-colour video essays set to pop music. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Cokes) #essay-film #installation #contemporary #digital-video #black-study #language **[[Tony Conrad]]** — American artist; *The Flicker*, minimal music, and pickled and cooked film. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Conrad) #structural #performance #ny-underground #fluxus #buffalo #flicker #sound **[[Tony Oursler]]** — American artist; video projected onto sculptural objects and figures. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Oursler) [tonyoursler.com](https://tonyoursler.com/) #installation #early-video #projection **[[Toshio Matsumoto]]** — Japanese filmmaker and theorist; documentary, video experiment, and *Funeral Parade of Roses*. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshio_Matsumoto) #essay-film #structural #japanese-experimental #early-video #theorist #queer **[[Tracey Emin]]** — British artist; autobiographical work across neon text, appliqué, and installation. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tracey_Emin) #installation #contemporary #neon #feminist #language **[[Trinh T. Minh-ha]]** — Vietnamese-American filmmaker and theorist; essay film and writing on ethnography and representation. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinh_T._Minh-ha) #essay-film #theorist #decolonial #feminist **[[Tundra]]** #installation #contemporary #light-art #sound **[[Ture Sjölander]]** — Swedish artist; *Monument* and *Time*, early manipulation of the broadcast television image. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ture_Sj%C3%B6lander) #found-footage #experimental-television #early-video **[[Ulf Langheinrich]]** — German artist; immersive audiovisual environments, formerly half of Granular Synthesis. #installation #performance #contemporary #live-cinema #projection **[[VALIE EXPORT]]** — Austrian artist; expanded cinema, body performance, and feminist media critique. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valie_Export) #expanded-cinema #performance #austrian-avant-garde #feminist **[[Viking Eggeling]]** — Swedish artist; abstract scroll drawings and *Symphonie Diagonale*. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viking_Eggeling) #absolute-film #visual-music #dada **[[Vilem Flusser]]** — Czech-Brazilian philosopher; writing on photography, technical images, and the apparatus. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vil%C3%A9m_Flusser) #theorist **[[Vito Acconci]]** — American artist; body-based performance for closed-circuit and single-channel video, later architecture and public space. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vito_Acconci) #performance #conceptual #early-video #closed-circuit #confessional #surveillance #encounter **[[Vuk Cosic]]** — Slovenian artist; net art and ASCII conversions of film and video. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuk_%C4%86osi%C4%87) #conceptual #net-art #obsolete-media **[[Walter Wright]]** — American artist; early computer graphics and real-time analogue video synthesis performance. [nohtv.wordpress.com](https://nohtv.wordpress.com/about/) | [YouTube](https://www.youtube.com/@SWalterWright) #computer-animation #experimental-television #early-video #video-synthesis #performance **[[Walter Ruttmann]]** — German filmmaker; abstract *Lichtspiel* films and the city symphony *Berlin*. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Ruttmann) #absolute-film #visual-music #german-avant-garde **[[Warren Sonbert]]** — American filmmaker; rapid associative montage assembled from years of travel footage. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warren_Sonbert) #film-poem #diary-film #ny-underground #queer **[[Werner Nekes]]** — German filmmaker and collector; structural film and a large collection of pre-cinematic optical devices. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werner_Nekes) #structural #found-footage #german-avant-garde #pre-cinema #theorist #media-archaeology **[[William English]]** — British artist; expanded cinema and performance associated with the London Film-Makers' Co-op. #expanded-cinema #performance #lfmc **[[William Raban]]** — British filmmaker; landscape and expanded projection work, later films about London. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Raban) [academic profile talk](https://youtu.be/lv8t2wpY9YI) #structural-materialist #expanded-cinema #lfmc #landscape **[[William C. Wees]]** — Canadian scholar; writing on vision in avant-garde film and on found-footage practice. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_C._Wees) *Light Moving in Time*. #theorist #critic #entoptics **[[Yvette Mattern]]** — American artist; *Global Rainbow*, laser projection across city and landscape. #installation #contemporary #light-art #laser #public-space **[[Yvonne Rainer]]** — American choreographer and filmmaker; task-based dance, then essayistic narrative film. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yvonne_Rainer) #performance #essay-film #ny-underground #feminist #queer **[[Zach Lieberman]]** — American artist; co-created openFrameworks, and daily sketches in code. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachary_Lieberman) #installation #performance #contemporary #creative-coding #interactive #tool-builder #copyleft **[[Zack Khalil]]** — Ojibway filmmaker and artist; essay film and installation made with his brother Adam Khalil and as part of New Red Order. #essay-film #installation #contemporary #decolonial #indigenous **[[Zbigniew Rybczynski]]** — Polish filmmaker; optically printed compositing, including *Tango*. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zbigniew_Rybczy%C5%84ski) #animation #narrative-cinema #optical-printing **[[Zdenek Pesanek]]** — Czech sculptor; kinetic light sculpture using neon, from the 1920s and 1930s. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zden%C4%9Bk_Pe%C5%A1%C3%A1nek) #installation #kinetic #light-art #neon **[[Zeinabu irene Davis]]** — American filmmaker; narrative and documentary work on Black women's lives; associated with the L.A. Rebellion. [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeinabu_irene_Davis) #narrative-cinema #essay-film #black-study #feminist